GE Kaye
CTR –80
Cold Temperature Reference
User’s Guide
Table of Contents
1.1 Symbols Used. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1.2 Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
1.2.1 Warnings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.2.2 Cautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1.3 Customer Service Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
3.1 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.2 Environmental Conditions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
3.3 Hardware Warranty and Assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3.1 Instrument Warranty . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3.2 In-Warranty Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3.3 After-Warranty Repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
3.3.4 Equipment Maintenance Agreements. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3.5 Customer Support. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3.6 Customer Support Agreement . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
3.3.7 Customer Site Assistance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
4.1 Unpacking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.2 Set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
4.3 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
4.4 Setting the Temperature . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
5.1 Bath Environment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.2 “Dry-out” Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3 Bath Preparation and Filling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3.1 Drain Valve Installation Instructions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
5.3.2 Filling With Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
5.4 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
6.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
i
6.2 Comparison Calibration. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
6.3 Calibration of Multiple Probes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
7.1 Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
7.2 Bath Tank and Lid. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
7.3 Back Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
8.1 Bath Fluid . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8.1.1 Temperature Range. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8.1.2 Viscosity. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8.1.3 Specific Heat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
8.1.4 Thermal Conductivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.1.5 Thermal Expansion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.1.6 Electrical Resistivity . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.1.7 Fluid Lifetime. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.1.8 Safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
8.1.9 Cost . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.1.10 Commonly Used Fluids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.1.10.1 Water (Distilled) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.1.10.2 Ethanol . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
8.1.10.3 Mineral Oil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.1.10.4 Silicone Oil (Dow Corning 200.05, 200.10, 200.20) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.1.10.5 Halocarbon 0.8 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.1.11 Fluid Characteristics Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
8.1.11.1 Limitations and Disclaimer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
8.2 Stirring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8.3 Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8.4 Heater. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8.5 Refrigeration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
8.5.1 Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.5.2 Important Refrigerant Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
8.6 Temperature Controller . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
9.1 Bath Temperature. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.2 Temperature Set-point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.2.1 Programmable Set-points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
9.2.2 Set-point Value . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.2.3 Temperature Scale Units . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
9.3 Scan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
9.3.1 Scan Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
9.3.2 Scan Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
ii
9.4 Secondary Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
9.5 Heater Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
9.6 Proportional Band . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
9.7 Cutout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
9.8 Controller Configuration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9.9 Operating Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9.9.1 High Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9.9.2 Low Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
9.9.3 Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.10 Serial Interface Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
9.10.1 Baud Rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.10.2 Sample Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.10.3 Duplex Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
9.10.4 Linefeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.11 Calibration Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
9.11.1 Hard Cutout. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.11.2 R . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
0
9.11.3 ALPHA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.11.4 DELTA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
9.11.5 BETA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
10.1 Serial Communications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
10.1.1 Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
10.1.2 Setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
10.1.2.1 Baud Rate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
10.1.2.2 Sample Period . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
10.1.2.3 Duplex Mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
10.1.2.4 Linefeed . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
10.1.3 Serial Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
10.2 Interface Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
11.1 Calibration Procedure. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.1.1 Calibration Equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
11.1.2 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
13.1 Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
13.2 CE Comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
13.2.1 EMC Directive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
13.2.2 Low Voltage Directive (Safety) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
iii
Figures
Follow the installation instructions above. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
CTR-80 Control Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Back Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Controller Operation Flowchart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Serial Cable Wiring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Wiring Diagram. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
v
1 Before You Start
1
Before You Start
1.1
Symbols Used
may be used on the instrument or in this manual.
Table 1 International Electrical Symbols
Symbol
Description
AC (Alternating Current)
AC-DC
Battery
Complies with European Union directives
DC
Double Insulated
Electric Shock
Fuse
PE Ground
Hot Surface (Burn Hazard)
Read the User’s Manual (Important Information)
Off
On
1
1 Before You Start
Symbol
Description
Canadian Standards Association
OVERVOLTAGE (Installation) CATEGORY II, Pollution Degree 2 per IEC1010-1 refers to
the level of Impulse Withstand Voltage protection provided. Equipment of OVERVOLTAGE
CATEGORY II is energy-consuming equipment to be supplied from the fixed installation.
Examples include household, office, and laboratory appliances.
CAT
C-TIC Australian EMC mark
1.2
Safety Information
Use this instrument only as specified in this manual. Otherwise, the protection
provided by the instrument may be impaired. Refer to the safety information
below.
The following definitions apply to the terms “Warning” and “Caution”.
• “Warning” identifies conditions and actions that may pose hazards to the
user.
• “Caution” identifies conditions and actions that may damage the instru-
ment being used.
1.2.1
Warnings
To avoid personal injury, follow these guidelines.
GENERAL
• DO NOT use the instrument for any application other than calibration
work. The instrument was designed for temperature calibration. Any other
use of the unit may cause unknown hazards to the user.
• DO NOT use the unit in environments other than those listed in the user’s
guide.
• DO NOT overfill the bath. Overflowing extremely cold or hot fluid may
for specific instructions.
• Follow all safety guidelines listed in the user’s manual.
• Calibration Equipment should only be used by Trained Personnel.
2
1 Before You Start
• If this equipment is used in a manner not specified by the manufacturer,
the protection provided by the equipment may be impaired.
• Before initial use, or after transport, or after storage in humid or semi-hu-
mid environments, or anytime the instrument has not been energized for
more than 10 days, the instrument needs to be energized for a "dry-out"
period of 2 hours before it can be assumed to meet all of the safety re-
quirements of the IEC 1010-1. If the product is wet or has been in a wet
environment, take necessary measures to remove moisture prior to apply-
ing power such as storage in a low humidity temperature chamber operat-
ing at 50 degree centigrade for 4 hours or more.
• DO NOT operate high temperature baths (500°C) near flammable materi-
als. Extreme temperatures could ignite the flammable material.
• Overhead clearance is required. Do not place the instrument under a cabi-
net or other structure. Always leave enough clearance to allow for safe
and easy insertion and removal of probes.
• The instrument is intended for indoor use only.
BURN HAZARD
• Extremely cold temperatures may be present in this equipment. Freezer
burns and frostbite may result if personnel fail to observe safety precau-
tions.
• High temperatures may be present in this equipment. Fires and severe
burns may result if personnel fail to observe safety precautions.
ELECTRICAL HAZARD
• These guidelines must be followed to ensure that the safety mechanisms
in this instrument will operate properly. This instrument must be plugged
into a 115 VAC, 60Hz (230 VAC, 50Hz optional), AC only electric outlet.
The power cord of the instrument is equipped with a three-pronged
grounding plug for your protection against electrical shock hazards. It
must be plugged directly into a properly grounded three-prong receptacle.
The receptacle must be installed in accordance with local codes and ordi-
nances. Consult a qualified electrician. DO NOT use an extension cord or
adapter plug.
• DO use a ground fault interrupt device. This unit contains a liquid. A
ground fault device is advised in case liquid is present in the electrical
system and could cause an electrical shock.
• Always replace the power cord with an approved cord of the correct rat-
ing and type. If you have questions, contact Kaye Customer Service.
3
1 Before You Start
• High voltage is used in the operation of this equipment. Severe injury or
death may result if personnel fail to observe the safety precautions. Before
working inside the equipment, turn off the power and disconnect the
power cord.
BATH FLUIDS
• Fluids used in this unit may produce noxious or toxic fumes under certain
circumstances. Consult the fluid manufacturer’s MSDS (Material Safety
Data Sheet). Proper ventilation and safety precautions must be observed.
• The instrument is equipped with a soft cutout (user settable firmware) and
a hard cutout (set at the factory). Check the flash point, boiling point, or
other fluid characteristic applicable to the circumstances of the unit opera-
tion. Ensure that the soft cutout is adjusted to the fluid characteristics of
the application. As a guideline, the soft cutout should be set 10°C to 15°C
below the flash point of the bath fluid. See Section , Heat Transfer Fluid,
for specific information on bath fluids and Section , Cutout.
1.2.2
Cautions
• THE DRAIN VALVE MUST BE INSTALLED ON THE BACK OF THE
BATH BEFORE ATTEMPTING TO FILL THE TANK WITH FLUID.
• Always operate this instrument at room temperature between 41°F and
122°F (5°C to 50°C). Allow sufficient air circulation by leaving at least 6
inches (15 cm) of clearance around the instrument.
• DO NOT overfill the bath. Overflowing liquid may damage the electrical
system. Be sure to allow for thermal expansion of the fluid as the bath
specific instructions.
• DO NOT change the values of the bath calibration constants from the fac-
tory set values. The correct setting of these parameters is important to the
safety and proper operation of the unit.
• The refrigeration may be damaged or the lifetime shortened if the
set-point temperature is set above 60°C for more than one hour with the
refrigeration manually on. Ensure that the refrigeration is off when the
unit is used above 60°C.
• The Factory Reset Sequence should be performed only by authorized
personnel if no other action is successful in correcting a malfunction. You
must have a copy of the most recent Report of Test to restore the test pa-
rameters.
4
1 Before You Start
• DO NOT operate this instrument in an excessively wet, oily, dusty, or
dirty environment.
• The unit is a precision instrument. Although it has been designed for opti-
mum durability and trouble free operation, it must be handled with care.
Position the unit before the tank is filled with fluid. Use the handles pro-
vided to move the unit. Due to the weight of the compressor, it may re-
quire two people to safely move the bath. If two people are used, place
one person in the front and one person in the back of the unit, carefully
slide hands under the unit and lift in unison. The area containing the com-
pressor will be heavier than the rest of the unit. Do not move a unit filled
with fluid.
• Most probes have handle temperature limits. Be sure that the probe handle
temperature limit is not exceeded in the air above the instrument.
• The instrument and any thermometer probes used with it are sensitive in-
struments that can be easily damaged. Always handle these devices with
care. Do not allow them to be dropped, struck, stressed, or overheated.
COLD BATHS
• Refrigerated baths require that the condensing coil be cleaned periodi-
cally. Accumulation of dust and dirt on the condenser will result in pre-
mature failure of the compressor.
• This bath has been equipped with a brownout and over voltage protection
device as a safety feature to protect the system components.
• Mode of Operation: This bath needs to be plugged into the line voltage
for at least 2 minutes before operation. This is only necessary for the first
time that the bath is energized or when it is moved from one location to
another. Turning the bath ON or OFF does not trigger the delay.
• If a High/Low voltage condition exists for longer than 5 seconds, the bath
de-energizes. An amber indicator on the back panel lights when this con-
dition exists.
• Re-energization is automatic upon correction of the fault condition and af-
ter a delay cycle of about 2 minutes. If a fault condition exists upon appli-
cation of power, the bath will not energize.
• Under and Over Voltage Protection at 115 VAC
♦
Voltage Cutout: 12.5% (101 - 129 VAC)
♦
Voltage Cut In: 7.5% (106 - 124 VAC)
• Under and Over Voltage Protection at 230 VAC
♦
Voltage Cutout: 12.5% (203 - 257 VAC)
5
1 Before You Start
♦
Voltage Cut In: 7.5% (213 - 247 VAC)
1.3
Customer Service Information
Kaye Instruments can be contacted by writing to:
World Headquarters
GE Kaye Instruments, Inc.
101 Billerica Avenue, Building 7
North Billerica, MA 01862
tel. +1 (978) 262 0005
fax +1 (978) 439 8181
e-mail [email protected]
European Headquarters
GE Kaye Europe GmbH
Sinsheimer Strasse 6
D-75179 Pforzheim, Germany
tel. +49-(0)-7231-14335-0
fax +49-(0)-7231-14335-29
e-mail [email protected]
When contacting Kaye Instruments Customer Service, please have the follow-
ing information available:
• Model Number
• Serial Number
• Voltage
• Complete description of the problem
6
2 Introduction
2
Introduction
The Kaye CTR –80 is an ultra low temp bath useful in temperature calibration
and other applications requiring stable temperatures. An innovative state of the
art solid-state temperature controller has been incorporated which maintains the
bath temperature with extreme stability. The temperature controller uses a mi-
cro-controller to execute the many operating functions.
The user interface is provided by the 8-digit LED display and four
key-switches. Digital remote communications is available with an RS-232
interface.
The CTR –80 was designed to be compact and low cost without compromising
performance. The CTR –80 operates over a wide temperature range from
–80°C to 30°C and 50°C 100°C.
7
3 Specifications and Environmental Conditions
3
Specifications and Environmental Conditions
3.1
Specifications
Range
–80°C to 100°C
(–112°F to 212°F)
Ambient Operating Range
Stability
15°C to 25°C
(59°F to 77°F)
0.006°C at –80°C (ethanol)
0.010°C at 0°C (ethanol)
0.010°C at 100°C (oil)
Uniformity
0.008°C at –80°C (ethanol)
0.012°C at 0°C (ethanol)
0.012°C at 100°C (oil)
Set-Point Accuracy
Set-Point Repeatability
Resolution
0.5°C
0.01°C
0.01°
Access Opening
Immersion Depth
Tank Capacity
3.25" x 4.5" (86 x 114 mm)
7" (180 mm) max
1 gallon (4 liters)
Cooling Time
From 25°C to –80°C,
130 minutes
Refrigeration Cascade
Heater Power
Two ¼ HP compressors
500 W
Automation Package
Power
Interface-it software and RS-232 included
115 VAC ( 10%), 60 Hz, 16 A or 230 VAC ( 10%), 50 Hz, 8 A, specify,
1700 W
Size
12" W x 30" H x 24" D
(305 x 762 x 610 mm)
Weight
115 lb. (52 kg)
3.2
Environmental Conditions
Although the instrument has been designed for optimum durability and trou-
ble-free operation, it must be handled with care. The instrument should not be
operated in an excessively dusty or dirty environment. Maintenance and clean-
ing recommendations can be found in the Maintenance Section of this manual.
The instrument operates safely under the following conditions:
• temperature range: 15–30°C (59–86°F)
9
3 Specifications and Environmental Conditions
• ambient relative humidity: 15–50%
• pressure: 75kPa–106kPa
• mains voltage within 10% of nominal
• vibrations in the calibration environment should be minimized
• altitude less than 2,000 meters
3.3
Hardware Warranty and Assistance
3.3.1
Instrument Warranty
GE Kaye Instruments, Inc. warrants its products against defects in materials
and workmanship for a period of 12 months from the date of shipment. GE
Kaye Instruments, Inc. will, at its option, repair or replace products which
prove defective during this warranty period provided they are returned to our
facility in Billerica, Massachusetts, European warranty returns are sent to
Pforzheim, Germany. Repairs necessitated by misuse of this product are not
covered by this warranty. No other warranties are expressed or implied, includ-
ing but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a
particular purpose. GE Kaye Instruments, Inc. is not liable for consequential
damages.
3.3.2
In-Warranty Repairs
Customers are requested to discuss their problem with a Kaye Service Repre-
sentative to insure a prompt and accurate assessment of their needs. Frequently,
a problem can be resolved via phone or FAX with minimal inconvenience or
delay.
If necessary, the Customer Service Representative will send replacement parts
or authorize the return of the instrument to the factory for repair. Instruments
serviced in this manner will be repaired, completely tested, and calibrated prior
to shipment.
When an instrument is returned to the factory, the customer must prepay the
freight charges. Kaye will prepay freight charges for the instrument's return via
a comparable shipment method.
If Field Service is required under the warranty, the customer is responsible for
travel and living expenses incurred by the Field Service Representative.
3.3.3
After-Warranty Repairs
Customers are requested to discuss their problem with a Kaye Service Repre-
sentative to insure a prompt assessment of their needs. Frequently, a customer
10
3 Specifications and Environmental Conditions
installed exchange part will solve the problem with minimal inconvenience and
expense.
Factory repairs can frequently be completed on a fixed price basis. A base ser-
vice fee plus labor and materials will be charged in lieu of the fixed repair price
upon customer request or if extensive repairs are required.
Customers are requested to obtain a return authorization number prior to re-
turning any instrument for service.
All instruments serviced at the factory will be repaired, updated, calibrated, and
completely tested prior to shipment.
3.3.4
3.3.5
Equipment Maintenance Agreements
An optional Equipment Maintenance Agreement provides an annual preventive
maintenance visit with certified recalibration, plus replacement parts through-
out the year. Contact the Customer Service Department at (800) 964-5293 for
details and prices. European customers contact the Customer Service Depart-
ment at +49 (0) 7231 14335 0.
Customer Support
Within 90 days of shipment from the factory, installation and initial configura-
tion assistance will be provided by a Customer Service Representative via
phone or FAX at no charge.
After 90 days from shipment, technical assistance or consultation will be lim-
ited to identification and resolution of instrument failures, unless a Customer
Support Agreement has been purchased.
3.3.6
3.3.7
Customer Support Agreement
An optional Customer Support Agreement provides additional phone or FAX
technical assistance for installation or program development. Contact the Cus-
tomer Service Department for details.
Customer Site Assistance
Kaye can provide optional onsite assistance with installation, initial operation,
and training of plant personnel. Contact the Customer Service Department for
details.
11
4 Quick Start
4
Quick Start
in service. Incorrect handling can damage the bath and void the warranty.
This chapter gives a brief summary of the steps required to set up and operate
the bath. This should be used as a general overview and reference and not as a
carefully before operating the bath.
4.1
Unpacking
Unpack the bath carefully and inspect it for any damage that may have oc-
curred during shipment. If there is shipping damage, notify the carrier immedi-
ately. Verify that all components are present:
• CTR –80 Bath
• Access Hole Cover
• Manual
• RS-232 Cable
• Report of Test
• Drain Valve
4.2
Set-up
Caution: The drain valve must be installed on the back of the bath before
installation instructions.
Warning: The instrument is equipped with a soft cutout (user settable firm-
ware) and a hard cutout (set at the factory). Check the flash point, boiling
point, or other fluid characteristic applicable to the circumstances of the
unit operation. Ensure that the soft cutout is adjusted to the fluid charac-
teristics of the application. As a guideline, the soft cutout should be set
10°C to 15°C below the flash point of the bath fluid. See Section , Heat
Transfer Fluid, for specific information on bath fluids and Section , Cut-
out.
13
4 Quick Start
Set up of the bath requires careful unpacking and placement of the bath, install-
ing the drain valve, filling the bath with fluid, and connecting power. Consult
place the bath in a safe, clean and level location. Install the drain valve onto
the pipe fitting at the back of the bath and make sure the valve is closed. See
clean and level location.
Fill the bath tank with an appropriate liquid. For operation at moderate bath
temperatures, clean distilled water works well. For lower temperatures, ethanol
(denatured) works well but is NOT USABLE AT HIGHER TEMPERA-
TURES due to flammability.
Carefully pour the fluid into the bath tank through the large rectangular access
hole above the tank avoiding spilling any fluid. The fluid must not exceed a
height of 1/2 inch below the top of the tank or be less than 2 inches below the
top.
4.3
Power
Plug the bath power cord into a mains outlet of the proper voltage, frequency,
to and read the CAUTION at the front of this manual concerning brownout and
over voltage protection.
Turn the bath on using the front panel “POWER” switch. The bath will turn on
and begin to heat or cool to reach the previously programmed temperature
set-point. The front panel LED display will indicate the actual bath tempera-
ture. Set the cooling switch to “OFF” for temperatures above approximately
50°C. Set the switch to “ON” for lower temperatures. When the cooling switch
has been turned on, the first stage compressor will power up. The second stage
will come on automatically when proper conditions are met. This will take 2 to
4 minutes. Cooling in the bath will not begin until the second stage starts.
4.4
Setting the Temperature
In the following discussion and throughout this manual a solid box around the
word SET, UP, DOWN or EXIT indicates the panel button to press while the
dotted box indicates the display reading on the front panel. Explanation of the
button function or display reading is written at the right.
To view or set the bath temperature set-point proceed as follows. The front
panel LED display normally shows the actual bath temperature.
24.68 C
Bath temperature display
14
4 Quick Start
When “SET” is pressed the display shows the set-point memory that is cur-
rently being used and its value. Eight set-point memories are available.
Access set-point selection
S
1. 25.0
Set-point 1, 25.0°C currently used
Press “SET” to select this memory and access the set-point value.
Access set-point value
S
C 25.00
Current value of set-point 1, 25.00°C
Press “UP” or “DOWN” to change the set-point value.
Increment display
U
C 30.00
New set-point value
Press SET to accept the new value. The bath begins heating or cooling to the
new set-point.
Store new set-point
S
Press “EXIT” and the bath temperature will be displayed again.
Return to the temperature display
E
24.73 C
Bath temperature display
The bath heats or cools until it reaches the new set-point temperature. Turn off
the cooling to reach and control at higher temperatures.
When setting the set-point temperature be careful not to exceed the temperature
limit of the bath fluid.
To obtain optimum control stability adjust the proportional band as discussed in
15
5 Installation
5
Installation
in service. Incorrect handling can damage the bath and void the warranty.
5.1
Bath Environment
The CTR –80 Bath is a precision instrument which should be located in an ap-
propriate environment. The location should be free of drafts, extreme tempera-
tures and temperature changes, dirt, etc. The surface where the bath is placed
must be level. Allow at least six inches around the bath for air circulation. The
top surface of the bath may become hot at high temperatures. Beware of the
danger of accidental fluid spills.
A fume hood should be used to remove any vapors given off by hot bath fluid.
5.2
“Dry-out” Period
Before initial use, after transport, and any time the instrument has not been en-
ergized for more than 10 days, the bath will need to be energized for a
“dry-out” period of 1-2 hours before it can be assumed to meet all of the safety
requirements of the IEC 1010-1.
5.3
Bath Preparation and Filling
Caution: Before filling the tank with fluid the drain valve must be installed
onto the pipe fitting at the back of the bath.
5.3.1
Drain Valve Installation Instructions
The drain valve attaches to the swage fitting located on the lower backside of
1.
2.
Place the valve onto the drain fitting and hand tighten in place by turn-
ing the hex nut (attached to the bath) counter clockwise while holding
the valve stationary.
Using open-end wrenches, hold the valve in place and tighten the hex
nub one quarter turn from the hand tightened position above.
The valve should be secured in place at this point. If not, repeat step number 2
being careful not to over tighten the assembly.
17
5 Installation
Ensure the valve handle is in the closed position before attempting to add fluid
to the tank.
Hex Nut
Valve body
Back of bath
Figure 1 Drain Valve Installation—IMPORTANT: Do Not Over Tighten. Follow the
installation instructions above.
5.3.2
Filling With Fluid
The CTR –80 Bath is not provided with a fluid. Depending on the desired tem-
perature range, any of the following fluids, as well as others, may be used in
the bath:
• Water
• Ethanol (Ethyl Alcohol)
• Ethylene glycol/water
• Mineral oil
• Silicone oil
• Halocarbon 0.8
Fluids are discussed in detail in Section 8.1.
Remove any access hole cover from the bath and check the tank for foreign
matter (dirt, remnant packing material, etc.).
Fill the bath with clean unpolluted fluid. Fill the bath carefully through the
large square access hole to a level that will allow for stirring and thermal ex-
pansion. DO NOT turn on the bath without fluid in the tank. The fluid should
never exceed a height of 1/2" below the top of the tank or be less than 2 inches
18
5 Installation
below the top. Carefully monitor the bath fluid level as the bath temperature
rises to prevent overflow or splashing. Cautiously, remove excess hot fluid if
necessary.
5.4
Power
With the bath power switch off, plug the bath into an AC mains outlet of the
tions, for power details. Refer to and read the CAUTION at the front of this
manual concerning brownout and over voltage protection.
19
6 Bath Use
6
Bath Use
Caution: READ this section BEFORE PLACING THE BATH IN SERVICE
The information in this section is for general information only. It is not de-
signed to be the basis for calibration laboratory procedures. Each laboratory
will need to write their own specific procedures.
6.1
General
Be sure to select the correct fluid for the temperature range of the calibration.
Bath fluids should be selected to operate safely with adequate thermal proper-
ties to meet the application requirements. Also, be aware that some fluids ex-
pand and could overflow the bath if not watched. Refer to General Operation,
cific to the fluid selected. The temperature range of any single fluid is likely
less than that of the bath itself. This means that the type of bath fluid may have
often set up to operate with a single fluid only over the useful range of that
fluid. Other baths can be set up with other fluids to cover other temperature
ranges required. This is generally the most productive and efficient approach.
The bath generates extreme temperatures. Precautions must be taken to prevent
personal injury or damage to objects. Probes may be extremely hot or cold
when removed from the bath. Cautiously handle probes to prevent personal in-
jury. Carefully place probes on a heat/cold resistant surface or rack until they
are at room temperature. It is advisable to wipe the probe with a clean soft cloth
or paper towel before inserting it into another bath. This prevents the mixing of
fluids from one bath to another. Always be sure that the probe is completely
dry before inserting it into a hot fluid. Some of the high temperature fluids
react violently to water or other liquid mediums. Be aware that cleaning the
probe can be dangerous if the probe has not cooled to room temperature.
For optimum accuracy and stability, allow the bath adequate stabilization time
after reaching the set-point temperature.
6.2
Comparison Calibration
Comparison calibration involves testing a probe (unit under test, UUT) against
a reference probe. After inserting the probes to be calibrated into the bath, al-
low sufficient time for the probes to settle and the temperature of the bath to
stabilize.
One of the significant dividends of using a bath rather than a dry-well to cali-
brate multiple probes is that the probes do not need to be identical in construc-
21
6 Bath Use
tion. The fluid in the bath allows different types of probes to be calibrated at
the same time. However, stem effect from different types of probes is not to-
tally eliminated. Even though all baths have horizontal and vertical gradients,
these gradients are minimized inside the bath work area. Nevertheless, probes
should be inserted to the same depth in the bath liquid. Be sure that all probes
are inserted deep enough to prevent stem effect. We suggest a general
rule-of-thumb for immersion depth to reduce the stem effect to a minimum: 20
x the diameter of the UUT + the sensor length. Do not submerge the probe
handles. If the probe handles get too warm during calibration at high tempera-
tures, a heat shield could be used just below the probe handle. This heat shield
could be as simple as aluminum foil slid over the probe before inserting it in
the bath or as complicated as a specially designed reflective metal apparatus.
When calibrating over a wide temperature range, better results can generally be
achieved by starting at the highest temperature and progressing down to the
lowest temperature.
Probes can be held in place in the bath by using probe clamps or drilling holes
in the access cover. Other fixtures to hold the probes can be designed. The ob-
ject is to keep the reference probe and the probe(s) to be calibrated as closely
grouped as possible in the working area of the bath. Bath stability is maximized
when the bath working area is kept covered.
In preparing to use the bath for calibration start by:
• Placing the reference probe in the bath working area.
• Placing the probe to be calibrated, the UUT, in the bath working area as
close as feasibly possible to the reference probe.
6.3
Calibration of Multiple Probes
Fully loading the bath with probes increases the time required for the tempera-
ture to stabilize after inserting the probes. Using the reference probe as the
guide, be sure that the temperature has stabilized before starting the calibration.
22
7 Parts and Controls
7
Parts and Controls
7.1
Control Panel
The following controls and indicators are present on the controller front panel
the on/off power switch, (4) the heater mode light, and (5) the cooling on/off
switch.
1)
The digital display is an important part of the temperature controller. It
displays the set-point temperature and bath temperature as well as the
various other bath functions, settings, and constants. The display shows
temperatures according to the selected scale units °C or °F.
2)
The control buttons (SET, DOWN, UP, and EXIT) are used to set the
bath temperature set-point, access and set other operating parameters,
and access and set bath calibration parameters. A brief description of
the functions of the buttons follows:
SET - Used to display the next parameter in a menu and to set parame-
ters to the displayed value.
DOWN - Used to decrement the displayed value of parameters.
UP - Used to increment the displayed value.
EXIT - Used to exit from a menu. When EXIT is pressed any changes
made to the displayed value will be ignored.
3)
The on/off switch controls power to the entire bath including the stir-
ring motor.
CTR –80
1
Cooling
I
Power
I
4
-80.00 C
3
5
Heater
Mode
Set
Down
Up
Exit
O
O
2
Figure 2 CTR-80 Control Panel
23
7 Parts and Controls
4)
5)
The heater mode is a red light emitting diode (LED). This indicator lets
the user visually see the ratio of heating to cooling. When the indicator
is lit the heater is on, and when it is off the heater is off and the bath is
cooling.
The cooling switch turns on the refrigeration for control below 50°C
and rapid cool down.
7.2
Bath Tank and Lid
The bath tank and lid assembly includes: the tank, the control probe, the stir-
ring motor, the access hole, and the access hole cover.
• The bath tank is constructed of stainless steel. It is very resistant to oxida-
tion in the presence of most chemicals and over a wide range of tempera-
tures.
• The control probe provides the temperature feedback signal to the con-
troller allowing the controller to maintain a constant temperature. The
control probe is a precision platinum resistance thermometer (PRT). It is
delicate and must be handled carefully. The probe is placed in the small
hole in the top of the bath so that the probe tip is fully immersed in the
bath fluid. It is located underneath the motor cover.
• The stirring motor is mounted on the bath tank lid under the motor cover.
It drives the stirring propeller to provide mixing of the bath fluid. Proper
mixing of the fluid is important for good constant temperature stability.
• On the bath lid is a work area access hole. This is used for filling the bath
with fluids and placement of thermometers and devices into the bath.
When possible the access hole should be covered (must be covered to
reach minimum temperatures).
• An insulated access hole cover is provided and should be used to cover
the access opening in the top of the bath. This improves bath temperature
stability, prevents excess fluid evaporation or fumes and increases safety
with hot fluid. The user may drill or cut holes in the cover to accommo-
date the instruments to be calibrated or immersed in the bath. Spare cov-
ers are available from GE Kaye Instruments. An optional access cover
which provides locations for two reference thermometers and three wells
for units under test is available.
7.3
Back Panel
On the back of the bath are 1) the system fuses, 2) the non-removable power
cord, 3) the drain valve, 4) the RS-232 interface connector, and 5) removable
vent panel.
24
7 Parts and Controls
1
POWER
FUSE
FUSE
RS-232
2
4
3
DRAIN
5
Figure 3 Back Panel
1)
2)
3)
The system fuses are 20 amp SB, 250V for 115 VAC operation and 10
amp ST, 250 V for 230 VAC operation.
The power cord is rated at 115 VAC, 20 amps. (230 VAC, 10 amps op-
tional.)
A drain plug is provided for ease of removing the fluid media from the
bath. Always use a container of adequate size to hold the FULL LOAD
of fluid. Some oils are more easily drained at higher temperatures.
Caution: Do not exceed a 100°C fluid temperature for draining. The valve
could be damaged if 100°C is exceeded. Insulate the container from the
floor and other objects.
4)
5)
The serial RS-232 interface attaches to the back of the bath at the con-
nector labeled "RS-232".
The removable vent panel can be removed to access the condensor for
25
8 General Operation
8
General Operation
8.1
Bath Fluid
Many fluids work with the CTR –80 bath. Choosing a fluid requires consider-
ation of many important characteristics of the fluid. Among these are tempera-
ture range, viscosity, specific heat, thermal conductivity, thermal expansion,
electrical resistivity, fluid lifetime, safety, and cost. If the viscosity becomes too
great, the stirrer may not function.
8.1.1
Temperature Range
One of the most important characteristics to consider is the temperature range
of the fluid. Few fluids work well throughout the complete temperature range
of the bath. The temperature at which the bath is operated must always be
within the safe and useful temperature range of the fluid. Set the cutout to meet
the temperature limits of the selected fluid. The lower temperature range of the
fluid is determined by the freeze point of the fluid or the temperature at which
the viscosity becomes too great. The upper temperature is usually limited by
vaporization, flammability, or chemical breakdown of the fluid. Vaporization of
the fluid at higher temperatures may affect temperature stability because of
cool condensed fluid dripping into the bath from the lid.
8.1.2
Viscosity
Viscosity is a measure of the thickness of a fluid, how easily it can be poured
and mixed. Viscosity affects the temperature stability of the bath. With low vis-
cosity, fluid mixing is better which creates a more uniform temperature
throughout the bath. This improves the bath response time which allows it to
maintain a more constant temperature. For good control the viscosity should be
less than ten centistokes. Twenty centistokes is about the upper limit of allow-
able viscosity. Viscosities greater than this cause very poor control stability and
may also overheat or damage the stirring motor. With oils viscosity may vary
greatly with temperature.
When using fluids with higher viscosities the controller proportional band may
need to be increased to compensate for the reduced response time (see Sec-
tion9.6). Otherwise the temperature may begin to oscillate.
8.1.3
Specific Heat
Specific heat is the measure of the heat storage ability of the fluid. Specific
heat, to a small degree, affects the control stability. It also affects the heating
and cooling rates. Generally, a lower specific heat means quicker heating and
cooling. The proportional band may require some adjustment depending on the
specific heat of the fluid.
27
8 General Operation
8.1.4
Thermal Conductivity
Thermal conductivity measures how easily heat flows through the fluid. Ther-
mal conductivity of the fluid affects the control stability, temperature unifor-
mity, and probe temperature settling time. Fluids with higher conductivity
distribute heat more quickly and evenly improving bath performance.
8.1.5
8.1.6
Thermal Expansion
Thermal expansion describes how the volume of the fluid changes with temper-
ature. Thermal expansion of the fluid used must be considered since the in-
crease in fluid volume as the bath temperature changes may cause overflow.
Excessive thermal expansion may also be undesirable in applications where
constant liquid level is important. Many fluids including oils have significant
thermal expansion.
Electrical Resistivity
Electrical resistivity describes how well the fluid insulates against the flow of
electric current. In some applications, such as measuring the resistance of bare
temperature sensors, it may be important that little or no electrical leakage oc-
cur through the fluid. In such conditions choose a fluid with very high
resistivity.
8.1.7
8.1.8
Fluid Lifetime
Many fluids degrade over time because of evaporation, water absorption, gel-
ling, or chemical breakdown. Often the degradation becomes significant near
the upper temperature limit of the fluid, substantially reducing the fluid’s
lifetime.
Safety
When choosing a fluid always consider the safety issues associated. Obviously
where there are conditions of extreme hot or cold there can be danger to people
and equipment. Fluids may also be hazardous for other reasons. Some fluids
may be considered toxic. Contact with eyes, skin, or inhalation of vapors may
cause injury. A proper fume hood must be used if hazardous or bothersome va-
pors are produced.
Warning: Fluids at high temperatures may pose danger from BURNS,
FIRE, and TOXIC FUMES. Use appropriate caution and safety equip-
ment.
Fluids may be flammable and require special fire safety equipment and proce-
dures. An important characteristic of the fluid to consider is the flash point. The
28
8 General Operation
flash point is the temperature at which there is sufficient vapor given off so that
when there is sufficient oxygen present and a ignition source is applied the va-
por will ignite. This does not necessarily mean that fire will be sustained at the
flash point. The flash point may be either of the open cup or closed cup type.
Either condition may occur in a bath situation. The closed cup temperature is
always the lower of the two. The closed cup represents the contained vapors in-
side the tank and the open cup represents the vapors escaping the tank. Oxygen
and an ignition source will be less available inside the tank.
The cutout should be set to meet the temperature limits of the selected fluid.
Environmentally hazardous fluids require special disposal according to applica-
ble federal or local laws after use.
8.1.9
Cost
Cost of bath fluids may vary greatly, from cents per gallon for water to hun-
dreds of dollars per gallon for synthetic oils. Cost may be an important consid-
eration when choosing a fluid.
8.1.10
Commonly Used Fluids
Below is a description of some of the more commonly used fluids and their
characteristics.
8.1.10.1
Water (Distilled)
Water is often used because of its very low cost, availability, and excellent tem-
perature control characteristics. Water has very low viscosity and good thermal
conductivity and heat capacity which makes it among the best fluids for control
stability at low temperatures. Temperature stability is much poorer at higher
temperatures because water condenses on the lid, cools and drips into the bath.
Water is safe and relatively inert. The electrical conductivity of water may pre-
vent its use in some applications. Water has a limited temperature range, from a
few degrees above 0°C to a few degrees below 100°C. At higher temperatures
evaporation becomes significant. Water used in the bath should be distilled or
softened to prevent mineral deposits. Consider using an algaecide chemical in
the water to prevent contamination.
8.1.10.2
Ethanol
Denatured ethanol (ethyl alcohol) is often used at lower temperatures between
–80°C and 10°C. It has good viscosity over its range and is inexpensive. Toxic-
ity, vapors, and flammability at temperatures higher than 10°C are significant
issues that must be considered.
29
8 General Operation
8.1.10.3
Mineral Oil
Mineral oil or paraffin oil is often used at moderate temperatures above the
range of water. Mineral oil is relatively inexpensive. At lower temperatures
mineral oil is quite viscous and control may be poor. At higher temperatures
vapor emission becomes significant. The vapors may be dangerous and use of a
fume hood is highly recommended. As with most oils mineral oil will expand
as temperature increases so be careful not to fill the bath too full that it over-
flows when heated. The viscosity and thermal characteristics of mineral oil is
poorer than water so temperature stability will not be as good. Mineral oil has
very low electrical conductivity. Use caution with mineral oil since it is flam-
mable and may also cause serious injury if inhaled or ingested.
8.1.10.4
8.1.10.5
Silicone Oil (Dow Corning 200.05, 200.10, 200.20)
Silicone oils are available which offer a much wider operating temperature
range than mineral oil. Like most oils, silicone oils have temperature control
characteristics which are somewhat poorer than water. The viscosity changes
significantly with temperature and thermal expansion also occurs. These oils
have very high electrical resistivity. Silicone oils are fairly safe and non-toxic.
Silicone oils are fairly expensive.
Halocarbon 0.8
Halocarbon 0.8 is a low temperature fluid with a wide temperature
range. It may be used as low as –90 to –100°C before viscosity be-
comes too great. It may be used as high as 70°C before evaporation be-
comes excessive. Halocarbon does not absorb water and will therefore
form ice at temperatures below 0°C. Ice crystals turn the fluid into a
slush which effectively increases the viscosity and reduces temperature
stability. Pumping systems may be rendered ineffective due to ice block-
age. The ice (water) can be removed occasionally by heating the fluid up
to 100°C for brief periods of time. Use halocarbon under a fume hood at
higher temperatures to remove vapors. Toxicity is low but caution is al-
ways recommended. Halocarbon has excellent electrical resistivity. This
fluid is fairly expensive.
8.1.11
Fluid Characteristics Table
your constant temperature bath. This table provides a numerical representation
of most of the physical qualities important in making a selection. The list is not
all inclusive. There may be other useful fluids not shown in this listing.
The table includes information on a variety of fluids which are often used as
heat transfer fluid in baths. Because of the temperature range some fluids may
not be useful with your bath.
30
8 General Operation
Table 2 Table of Various Bath Fluids
Fluid
Lower
Upper Temperature
Limit*
Thermal
Conductivity
(cal/s/cm/°C)
Thermal
Expansion
(cm/cm/°C)
(# = Hart Part No.) Temperature
Limit*
Flash
Point
Viscosity
(centistokes)
Specific
Gravity
Specific Heat
(cal/g/°C)
Resistivity
(10 Ω-cm )
Halocarbon 0.8
#5019
–100°C (v)** 70°C (e)
NONE 5.7 @ –50°C
0.8 @ 40°C
1.71 @ 40°C
0.2
0.0004
0.0011
0.5 @ 70°C
Methanol
Water
–96°C (fr)
10°C (fl,cc)
12°C
1.3 @ –35°C
0.66 @ 0°C
0.45 @ 20°C
0.810 @ 0°C
0.792 @ 20°C
0.6
0.0005 @ 20°C 0.0014 @ 25°C
0°C (fr)
95°C (b)
90°C (b)
NONE 1 @ 25°C
0.4 @ 75°C
1.00
1.05
1.00
0.0014
0.001
0.0002 @ 25°C
Ethylene
Glycol—50%
#5020
–30°C (fr)
NONE 7 @ 0°C
2 @ 50°C
0.8 @ 0°C
0.7 @ 100°C
Mineral Oil No.7
#5011
10°C (v)
166°C (fl)
168°C 15 @ 75°C
5 @ 125°C
0.87 @ 25°C
0.84 @ 75°C
0.48 @ 25°C
0.53 @ 75°C
0.00025 @ 25°C 0.0007 @ 50°C 5 @ 25°C
0.81 @ 125°C 0.57 @ 125°C
Silicone Oil Type
200.05 #5010
–40°C (v)**
–30°C (v)**
130°C (fl, cc)
209°C (fl, cc)
133°C 5 @ 25°C
0.92 @ 25°C 0.4
0.00028 @ 25°C 0.00105
0.00032 @ 25°C 0.00108
1000 @ 25°C
10 @ 150°C
Silicone Oil Type
200.10 #5012
211°C 10 @ 25°C
3 @ 135°C
0.934 @ 25°C 0.43 @ 40°C
0.45 @ 100°C
1000 @ 25°C
50 @ 150°C
0.482 @ 200°C
Silicone Oil Type
200.20 #5013
10°C (v)
30°C (v)
230°C (fl, cc)
278°C (fl, cc)
232°C 20 @ 25°C
280°C 50 @ 25°C
0.949 @ 25°C 0.370 @ 40°C 0.00034 @ 25°C 0.00107
1000 @ 25°C
50 @ 150°C
0.393 @ 100°C
0.420 @ 200°C
Silicone Oil Type
200.50 #5014
0.96 @ 25°C
1.07 @ 25°C
0.4
0.00037 @ 25°C 0.00104
1000 @ 25°C
50 @ 150°C
Silicone Oil Type 550 70°C (v)
#5016
230°C (fl, cc)
300°C (fl, oc)
232°C 50 @ 70°C
10 @ 104°C
0.358 @ 40°C 0.00035 @ 25°C 0.00075
0.386 @ 100°C
100 @ 25°C
1 @ 150°C
0.433 @ 200°C
Silicone Oil Type 710 80°C (v)
#5017
300°C (fl, oc)
302°C 50 @ 80°C
7 @ 204°C
1.11 @ 25°C
0.96 @ 25°C
0.363 @ 40°C 0.00035 @ 25°C 0.00077
0.454 @ 100°C
0.505 @ 200°C
100 @ 25°C
1 @ 150°C
Silicone Oil Type
210-H
66°C (v)
313°C (fl, oc)
550°C
315°C 50 @ 66°C
14 @ 204°C
0.34 @ 100°C 0.0003
0.00095
0.00041
100 @ 25°C
1 @ 150°C
1.7 Ω /cm3
Heat Transfer Salt
#5001
180°C (fr)
NONE 34 @ 150°C
6.5 @ 300°C
2.0 @ 150°C
1.9 @ 300°C
1.7 @ 500°C
0.33 0.0014
2.4 @ 500°C
*Limiting Factors — b - boiling point e - high evaporation fl - flash point fr - freeze point v - viscosity — Flash point test oc = open cup cc = closed cup
**Very low water solubility, ice will form as a slush from condensation below freezing.
8.1.11.1
Limitations and Disclaimer
The information given in this manual regarding fluids is intended only to be
used as a general guide in choosing a fluid. Though every effort has been made
to provide correct information we cannot guarantee accuracy of data or assure
suitability of a fluid for a particular application. Specifications may change and
sources sometimes offer differing information. GE Kaye Instruments cannot be
liable for any personal injury or damage to equipment, product or facilities re-
sulting from the use of these fluids. The user of the bath is responsible for col-
lecting correct information, exercising proper judgment, and insuring safe
operation. Operating near the limits of certain properties such as the flash point
or viscosity can compromise safety or performance. Your company’s safety
31
8 General Operation
policies regarding flash points, toxicity, and such issues must be considered.
You are responsible for reading the (material safety data sheets) and acting
accordingly.
8.2
8.3
Stirring
Stirring of the bath fluid is very important for stable temperature control. The
fluid must be mixed well for good temperature uniformity and fast controller
response. The stirrer is precisely adjusted for optimum performance.
Power
cations, for power details. Refer to and read the CAUTION at the front of this
manual concerning brownout and over voltage protection. Power to the bath
passes through a filter to prevent switching spikes from being transmitted to
other equipment.
To turn on the bath switch the control panel power switch to the ON position.
The stirring motor will turn on, the LED display will begin to show the bath
temperature, and the heater will turn on or off until the bath temperature
reaches the programmed set-point. When powered on the control panel display
will briefly show a four digit number. This number indicates the number of
times power has been applied to the bath. Also briefly displayed is data which
indicates the controller hardware configuration. This data is used in some cir-
cumstances for diagnostic purposes.
8.4
8.5
Heater
The power to the bath heater is precisely controlled by the temperature control-
ler to maintain a constant bath temperature. Power is controlled by periodically
switching the heater on for a certain amount of time using a solid-state relay.
The front panel LED heater mode shows the state of the heater. The indicator
glows red when the heater is on and is off when the heater is off. The indicator
will pulse constantly when the bath is maintaining a stable temperature.
Refrigeration
This bath uses a two-stage refrigeration system which requires special refriger-
ants to enable it to reach low temperatures. This section describes some aspects
of the cooling system and provides important information regarding
refrigerants.
32
8 General Operation
8.5.1
8.5.2
Operation
The bath controller automatically switches off cooling when the bath is oper-
ated above 50°C to protect the system from extreme pressures. The refrigera-
tion system is also protected by a brownout and over voltage protection device
that switches off power to the system when the line voltage is outside the safe
operating range. The display indicates “LoLinE” when this condition exists. A
time delay prevents the refrigeration from restarting for a short time after ade-
quate line voltage has been restored.
Important Refrigerant Information
The refrigeration system in this bath has been designed to perform at ultra-low
temperatures. As a result, aspects of the design are uncommon and the refrig-
erants are non-standard.
The system is cascaded, meaning there are two separate systems with the first
one chilling the second. This is required to reach temperatures below –40°C.
Normal refrigeration does not use a cascading technique, and many refrigera-
tion technicians are not familiar with such systems.
The first stage refrigerant is an HFC known as R-507. The second stage per-
forms the ultra-low cooling. Its refrigerant is an HFC R-508B, also known as
SUVA-95.
What this means to you:
• The cascade system is complex and its uncommon nature means that
many local refrigeration service technicians may not be able to service it.
If your bath needs survice, call GE Kaye Instruments Customer Service at
1-800-964-KAYE
• The compressor manufacturer does not warranty their compressors when
used with non-standard refrigerants. Warranty of these compressors must
be handled through GE Kaye Instruments only. There is no other way for
you to receive parts or service on your compressor. You must receive your
parts or service from GE Kaye Instruments.
8.6
Temperature Controller
The bath temperature is controlled by a special digital temperature controller.
The controller features a 24-bit analog-to-digital converter (DAC) that gives it
remarkable accuracy and stability.
The bath temperature is monitored with a platinum resistance sensor in the con-
trol probe. The controller uses a proportional-integral-derivative (PID) algo-
rithm to determine how much heat the bath needs. The bath is heated by a
solid-state relay (SSR) controlled 500W heater.
33
8 General Operation
The bath is operable within the temperature range given in the specifications.
For protection against solid-state relay failure or other circuit failure, a thermo-
couple cutout automatically turns off the heater anytime the bath temperature
exceeds the maximum temperature.
The controller allows the operator to set the bath temperature with high resolu-
tion, adjust the proportional band, monitor the heater output power, and pro-
gram the controller configuration and calibration parameters. The controller
may be operated in temperature units of degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit. The
controller is operated and programmed from the front control panel using the
four key switches and digital LED display. The controller is equipped with a
serial RS-232 digital interface for remote operation. Operation of the controller
ing the digital interfaces is discussed in Section 10.
When the controller is set to a new set-point the bath heats or cools to the new
temperature. Once the new temperature is reached the bath usually takes 15-20
minutes for the temperature to settle and stabilize. There may be a small
amount of overshoot or undershoot.
34
9 Controller Operation
9
Controller Operation
This section discusses in detail how to operate the bath temperature controller
using the front control panel. Using the front panel key-switches and LED dis-
play the user may monitor the bath temperature, set the temperature set-point in
degrees C or F, monitor the heater output power, adjust the controller propor-
tional band, and program the calibration parameters, operating parameters, and
serial interface configuration. Operation of the functions and parameters are
reference.
In the following discussion a button with the word SET, UP, EXIT or DOWN
inside indicates the panel button while the dotted box indicates the display
reading. Explanation of the button or display reading are to the right of each
button or display value.
9.1
Bath Temperature
The digital LED display on the front panel allows direct viewing of the actual
bath temperature. This temperature value is what is normally shown on the dis-
play. The units, C or F, of the temperature value are displayed at the right. For
example,
Bath temperature in degrees Celsius
10.00C
The temperature display function may be accessed from any other function by
pressing the “EXIT” button.
9.2
Temperature Set-point
The temperature set-point can be set to any value within the range and resolu-
tion as given in the specifications. Be careful not to exceed the safe temperature
limits of any devices inserted into the bath.
Setting the temperature involves two steps: (1) select the set-point memory and
(2) adjust the set-point value.
To protect the refrigeration system from excessive pressures, it will not operate
above 50°C.
9.2.1
Programmable Set-points
The controller stores 8 set-point temperatures in memory. The set-points can be
quickly recalled to conveniently set the calibrator to a previously programmed
temperature set-point.
35
9 Controller Operation
Display
Temperature
SET
+
SET
DOWN
Select Setpoint
Display of Rs
Adjust Setpoint
Units °C/°F
SET
+
UP
Toggles °C / °F
EXIT
EXIT
Secondary Functions
+
Cal
SET
EXIT
Scan On/Off
Scan Rate
Menu
EXIT
SET
X5
Display Power
Hard
Cut-out
Set Proportional Band
Cut-out
Adj. Hard
Cut-out
Set Cut-out Temp
R0
Configuration Menu
SET
Adj. R0
ALPHA
EXIT
EXIT
Adj. ALPHA
UP
UP
Operating
Parameters
Menu
Serial
Interface
Menu
DOWN
DOWN
DELTA
Adj. DELTA
BETA
Menu Legend:
SET
SET
Press “SET” to step through the menu
and to store the parameter value.
BAUD
Rate
HL
Press “EXIT” briefly to skip a parameter
without storing the parameter value.
Adjust
BAUD Rate
Adj. HL
Adjust
BETA
Hold “EXIT” to exit the menu and
display the temperature
Sample
Period
LL
Adj. Sample
Period
Adj. LL
Duplex
Mode
COOL
Adj. Duplex
Mode
Adj. COOL
Linefeed
Adjust
Linefeed
Figure 4 Controller Operation Flowchart
36
9 Controller Operation
To set the temperature one must first select the set-point memory. This function
is accessed from the temperature display function by pressing “SET”. The
number of the set-point memory currently being used is shown at the left on the
display followed by the current set-point value.
Bath temperature in degrees Celsius
10.00C
Access set-point memory
Set-point memory 1, 25°C currently used
To change the set-point memory press “UP” or “DOWN”.
New set-point memory 4, –25°C
S
1. 25.0
4. -25.0
Press “SET” to accept the new selection and access the set-point value.
Accept selected set-point memory
S
9.2.2
Set-point Value
The set-point value may be adjusted after selecting the set-point memory and
pressing “SET”.
4 -25.0
Set-point 4 value in°C
If the set-point value is correct, hold “EXIT” to resume displaying the well
temperature. Press “UP” or “DOWN” to adjust the set-point value.
-28.00
New set-point value
When the desired set-point value is reached press “SET” to accept the new
value and access the temperature scale units selection. If “EXIT” is pressed in-
stead of “SET”, any changes made to the set-point are ignored.
Accept new set-point value
S
9.2.3
Temperature Scale Units
The temperature scale units of the controller can be set by the user to degrees
Celsius (°C) or Fahrenheit (°F). The selected units are used in displaying the
well temperature, set-point, and proportional band.
Press “SET” after adjusting the set-point value to change display units.
37
9 Controller Operation
Un= C
Scale units currently selected
Press “UP” or “DOWN” to change the units.
New units selected
Un= F
9.3
Scan
The scan rate can be set and enabled so that when the set-point is changed the
bath heats or cools at a specified rate (degrees per minute) until it reaches the
new set-point. With the scan disabled the bath heats or cools at the maximum
possible rate.
9.3.1
Scan Control
The scan is controlled with the scan on/off function that appears in the main
menu after the set-point function.
Scan function off
Press “UP” or “DOWN” to toggle the scan on or off.
Scan function on
Sc=OFF
Sc=On
Press “SET” to accept the present setting and continue.
Accept scan setting
S
Scan Rate
9.3.2
The next function in the main menu is the scan rate. The scan rate can be set
from .1 to 99.9°C/min. The maximum scan rate however is actually limited by
the natural heating or cooling rate of the instrument. This will be less than
10°C/min.
The scan rate function appears in the main menu after the scan control function.
The scan rate units are in degrees per minute, degrees C or F depending on the
selected units.
Scan rate in°C/min
Press “UP” or “DOWN” to change the scan rate.
New scan rate
Sr= 5.0
Sr= 2.0
38
9 Controller Operation
Press “SET” to accept the new scan rate and continue.
Accept scan rate
S
9.4
9.5
Secondary Menu
Functions which are used less often are accessed within the secondary menu.
The secondary menu is accessed by pressing “SET” and “EXIT” simulta-
neously and then releasing. The first function in the secondary menu is the
Heater Power
The temperature controller controls the temperature of the bath by pulsing the
heater on and off. The total power being applied to the heater is determined by
the duty cycle or the ratio of heater on time to the pulse cycle time. By knowing
the amount of heating the user can tell if the calibrator is heating up to the
set-point, cooling down, or controlling at a constant temperature. Monitoring
the percent heater power will let the user know how stable the bath temperature
is.
The heater power display is accessed in the secondary menu. Press “SET” and
“EXIT” simultaneously and release. The heater power will be displayed as a
percentage of full power.
Bath temperature
10.00C
Access heater power in secondary menu
Flashes
S+E
SEC
Heater power in percent
12.0 P
To exit out of the secondary menu hold “EXIT”. To continue on to the propor-
tional band setting function press “EXIT” momentarily or “SET”.
9.6
Proportional Band
In a proportional controller such as this the heater output power is proportional
to the well temperature over a limited range of temperatures around the
set-point. This range of temperature is called the proportional band. At the bot-
tom of the proportional band the heater output is 100%. At the top of the pro-
portional band the heater output is 0. Thus as the temperature rises the heater
power is reduced, which consequently tends to lower the temperature back
39
9 Controller Operation
down. In this way the temperature is maintained at a fairly constant
temperature.
The temperature stability of the bath and response time depend on the width of
the proportional band. If the band is too wide the temperature will deviate ex-
cessively from the set-point due to varying external conditions. This is because
the power output changes very little with temperature and the controller cannot
respond very well to changing conditions or noise in the system. If the propor-
tional band is too narrow the temperature may swing back and forth because
the controller overreacts to temperature variations. For best control stability the
proportional band must be set for the optimum width. This value is usually two
to three times the largest value at which the bath temperature oscillates.
The proportional band width is set at the factory to a value between 0.5 and
1.0°C. The proportional band width may be altered by the user if he desires to
optimize the control characteristics for a particular application.
The proportional band width is easily adjusted from the front panel. The width
may be set to discrete values in degrees C or F depending on the selected units.
The proportional band adjustment is be accessed within the secondary menu.
Press “SET” and “EXIT” to enter the secondary menu and show the heater
power. Then press “SET” to access the proportional band.
Access heater power in secondary menu
S+E
Heater power in percent
12.0 P
Access proportional band
S
ProP
15.0
Flashes “ProP” and the setting
Proportional band setting
To change the proportional band press “UP” or “DOWN”.
New proportional band setting
1.5
To store the new setting press “SET”. Press “EXIT” to continue without storing
the new value.
Accept the new proportional band setting
S
40
9 Controller Operation
9.7
Cutout
As a protection against software or hardware fault or user error, the bath is
equipped with an adjustable cutout device that shuts off power to the heater if
the temperature exceeds a set value. This protects the instrument, probes, and
fluid from excessive temperatures. The cutout temperature is programmable by
the operator from the front panel of the controller. The cutout should be set to
the temperature limits of the selected fluid.
If the cutout is activated because of excessive temperature, power to the heater
shuts off and the instrument cools. The bath cools until it reaches a few degrees
below the cutout set-point temperature. At this point the cutout resets and al-
lows normal operation.
The cutout set-point may be accessed within the secondary menu. Press “SET”
and “EXIT” to enter the secondary menu and show the heater power. Then
press “SET” twice to access the cutout set-point.
Access heater power in secondary menu
S+E
12.0 P
Heater power in percent
Proportional band setting
Access proportional band
S
Pb= 0.05C
Access cutout set-point
Cutout set-point
To change the cutout set-point press “UP” or “DOWN”.
New cutout set-point
S
CO= 80C
CO= 70C
To accept the new cutout set-point press “SET”.
Accept cutout set-point
S
The next function is the configuration menu. Press “EXIT” to resume display-
ing the temperature.
41
9 Controller Operation
9.8
Controller Configuration
The controller has a number of configuration and operating options and calibra-
tion parameters which are programmable via the front panel. These are ac-
cessed from the secondary menu after the proportional band function by
pressing “SET”. Pressing “SET” again enters the first of three sets of configu-
ration parameters: operating parameters, serial interface parameters, and cali-
bration parameters. The menus are selected using the “UP” and “DOWN” keys
9.9
Operating Parameters
The operating parameters menu is indicated by,
Operating parameters menu
PAr
The operating parameters menu contains the High Limit, Stir Speed, and Cool-
ing parameters.
9.9.1
High Limit
The High Limit Parameter adjusts the upper set-point temperature. The factory
default and maximum temperature are set to 100°C. For safety, a user can ad-
just the High Limit down so the maximum temperature set-point is restricted.
HL
High Limit parameter
Press “SET” to enable adjustment of HL.
HL
Flashes “HL” and then displays the setting
Current HL setting
H=100
Adjust the HL parameter using “UP” or “DOWN”.
New HL setting
H=90
Press “SET” to accept the new temperature limit.
9.9.2
Low Limit
The Low Limit (LL) Parameter adjusts the lower set-point temperature limit.
The factory default and minimum temperature are set to –90°C. For safety, a
user can adjust the Low Limit up so the minimum temperature set-point is
restricted.
42
9 Controller Operation
LL
Low Limit parameter
Press “SET” to enable adjustment of LL.
LL
Flashes “ ” and then displays the setting
Current LL setting
L=-90
Adjust the LL parameter using “UP” or “DOWN”.
New LL setting
L=-20
Press “SET” to accept the new temperature limit.
9.9.3
Cooling
This menu function allows the operator to disable cooling and corresponds to
the remote cooling control function (see Table 3). Switching the cooling off
temporarily allows the bath to heat up more quickly from a low temperature.
Cooling can be manually switched off using the cooling switch on the front
panel or automatically switched off any time the bath temperature or set-point
is higher than about 35°C. As a result, cooling is ON only if the cooling func-
tion is ON, the cooling switch is ON, and both the bath temperature and the
set-point are less than about 35°C. The cooling function is indicated by,
CooL
Flashes “CooL” and then displays the setting
Current cooling setting
CooL=OFF
The setting may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and pressing “SET”.
New cooling setting
CooL=On
9.10
Serial Interface Parameters
The serial RS-232 interface parameters menu is indicated by,
Serial RS-232 interface parameters menu
SErIAL
The serial interface parameters menu contains parameters which determine the
operation of the serial interface. These controls only apply to instruments fitted
with the serial interface. The parameters in the menu are — BAUD rate, sample
period, duplex mode, and linefeed. Press “UP” to enter the menu.
43
9 Controller Operation
9.10.1
Baud Rate
The baud rate is the first parameter in the menu. The baud rate setting deter-
mines the serial communications transmission rate.
The baud rate parameter is indicated by,
Flashes “
” and then displays the stetting
bAUd
Current BAUD rate
2400 b
The baud rate of the serial communications may be programmed to 300, 600,
1200, 2400, 4800, or 9600 baud. Use “UP” or “DOWN” to change the baud
rate value.
New BAUD rate
4800 b
Press “SET” to set the baud rate to the new value or “EXIT” to abort the opera-
tion and skip to the next parameter in the menu.
9.10.2
Sample Period
The sample period is the next parameter in the serial interface parameter menu.
The sample period is the time period in seconds between temperature measure-
ments transmitted from the serial interface. If the sample rate is set to 5, the in-
strument transmits the current measurement over the serial interface
approximately every five seconds. The automatic sampling is disabled with a
sample period of 0. The sample period is indicated by,
Flashes “SPEr” and then displays the setting
Current sample period (seconds)
SPer
SP= 1
Adjust the value with “UP” or “DOWN” and then use “SET” to store the sam-
ple rate to the displayed value. “EXIT” does not store the new value.
New sample period
SP= 60
9.10.3
Duplex Mode
The next parameter is the duplex mode. The duplex mode may be set to full du-
plex or half duplex. With full duplex any commands received by the calibrator
via the serial interface are immediately echoed or transmitted back to the device
of origin. With half duplex the commands are executed but not echoed. The du-
plex mode parameter is indicated by,
44
9 Controller Operation
Flashes “dUPL” and then displays the setting
Current duplex mode setting
dUPL
d=FULL
The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and pressing “SET”.
New duplex mode setting
d=HALF
9.10.4
Linefeed
The final parameter in the serial interface menu is the linefeed mode. This pa-
rameter enables (on) or disables (off) transmission of a linefeed character (LF,
ASCII 10) after transmission of any carriage-return. The linefeed parameter is
indicated by,
Flashes “LF” and then displays the setting
Current linefeed setting
LF
LF= On
The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and pressing “SET”.
New linefeed setting
LF= OFF
9.11
Calibration Parameters
The operator of the CTR –80 controller has access to the Hard Cutout and a
number of the bath calibration constants namely R0, ALPHA, DELTA, and
BETA. These values are set at the factory and should not be altered. The cor-
rect values are important to the accuracy and proper and safe operation of the
bath. Access to these parameters is available to the user only so that in the
event that the controller memory fails the user may restore these values to the
factory settings. The user should have a list of these constants and their settings
with the manual.
Caution: DO NOT change the values of the bath calibration constants
from the factory set values. The correct setting of these parameters is im-
portant to the safety and proper operation of the bath.
The calibration parameters menu is indicated by:
CAL
Calibration parameters menu
Press “SET” five times to enter the menu.
45
9 Controller Operation
The calibration parameters R0, ALPHA, DELTA, and BETA characterize the
resistance-temperature relationship of the platinum control sensor. These pa-
rameters may be adjusted by an experienced user to improve the accuracy of
the bath.
9.11.1
Hard Cutout
This parameter is the temperature above which the unit shuts down automati-
cally. The parameter is set at the factory to approximately 120°C and can be
changed only through the variable resistor. This parameter cannot be changed
through the instrument menu or the communications port and is user settable.
9.11.2
9.11.3
R0
This probe parameter refers to the resistance of the control probe at 0°C. The
value of this parameter is set at the factory for best instrument accuracy.
ALPHA
This probe parameter refers to the average sensitivity of the probe between 0
and 100°C. The value of this parameter is set at the factory for best instrument
accuracy.
9.11.4
9.11.5
DELTA
This probe parameter characterizes the curvature of the resistance-temperature
relationship of the sensor. The value of this parameter is set at the factory for
best instrument accuracy.
BETA
This probe parameter characterizes the low temperatures. The value of this pa-
rameter is set at the factory for best instrument accuracy.
46
10 Digital Communication Interface
10
Digital Communication Interface
The CTR –80 Bath calibrator is capable of communicating with and being con-
trolled by other equipment through the digital serial interface.
With a digital interface the instrument may be connected to a computer or other
equipment. This allows the user to set the set-point temperature, monitor the
temperature, and access any of the other controller functions, all using remote
communications equipment. Communications commands are summarized in
10.1
Serial Communications
The bath is installed with an RS-232 serial interface that allows serial digital
communications over fairly long distances. With the serial interface the user
may access any of the functions, parameters and settings discussed in Section 9
with the exception of the baud rate setting.
47
10 Digital Communication Interface
10.1.1
Wiring
The serial communications ca-
ble attaches to the calibrator
through the DB-9 connector at
the back of the instrument. Fig-
connector and suggested cable
wiring. To eliminate noise the
serial cable should be shielded
with low resistance between the
connector (DB-9) and the
shield. If the unit is used in a
heavy industrial setting, the se-
rial cable must be limited to
ONE METER in length.
RS-232 Cable Wiring for
IBM PC and Compatibles
Instrument
Connector
(DB 9-Pin)
Computer (DTE)
Connector
(DB 9-Pin)
1 NC
1 DCD
2 RxD
3 TxD
4 DTR
5 GND
6 DSR
7 RTS
8 CTS
9 NC
2 RxD
3 TxD
4 NC
5 GND
6 NC
7 RTS
8 CTS
9 NC
Instrument
Connector
(DB 9-Pin)
Computer (DTE)
Connector
10.1.2
Setup
(DB 25-Pin)
Before operation the serial in-
terface must first be set up by
programming the baud rate and
other configuration parameters.
These parameters are pro-
grammed within the serial inter-
face menu. The serial interface
parameters menu is outlined in
1 NC
2 RxD
3 TxD
4 NC
2 TxD
3 RxD
4 RTS
5 CTS
5 GND
6 NC
6 DSR
7 GND
8 DCD
20 DTR
7 RTS
8 CTS
9 NC
Figure 5 Serial Cable Wiring
To enter the serial parameter
programming mode first press “EXIT” while pressing “SET” and release to en-
ter the secondary menu. Press “SET” repeatedly until the display reads “PAr”.
Press “UP” until the serial interface menu is indicated with“SErIAL”. Finally
press “SET” to enter the serial parameter menu. In the serial interface parame-
ters menu are the baud rate, the sample rate, the duplex mode, and the linefeed
parameter.
10.1.2.1
Baud Rate
The baud rate is the first parameter in the menu. The display prompts with the
baud rate parameter by showing “bAUd”. Press “SET” to choose to set the
baud rate. The current baud rate value is displayed. The baud rate of the instru-
ment serial communications may be programmed to 300, 600, 1200, 2400,
4800, or 9600 baud. The baud rate is pre-programmed to 2400 baud. Use “UP”
or “DOWN” to change the baud rate value. Press “SET” to set the baud rate to
the new value or “EXIT” to abort the operation and skip to the next parameter
in the menu.
48
10 Digital Communication Interface
10.1.2.2
Sample Period
The sample period is the next parameter in the menu and prompted with
“SPEr”. The sample period is the time period in seconds between temperature
measurements transmitted from the serial interface. If the sample rate is set to
5, the instrument transmits the current measurement over the serial interface ap-
proximately every five seconds. The automatic sampling is disabled with a
sample period of 0. Press “SET” to choose to set the sample period. Adjust the
period with “UP” or “DOWN” and then use “SET” to set the sample rate to the
displayed value.
10.1.2.3
Duplex Mode
The next parameter is the duplex mode indicated with “dUPL”. The duplex
mode may be set to half duplex (“HALF”) or full duplex (“FULL”). With full
duplex any commands received by the thermometer via the serial interface are
immediately echoed or transmitted back to the device of origin. With half du-
plex the commands are executed but not echoed. The default setting is half du-
plex. The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and pressing “SET”.
10.1.2.4
10.1.3
Linefeed
The final parameter in the serial interface menu is the linefeed mode. This pa-
rameter enables (“On”) or disables (“OFF”) transmission of a linefeed charac-
ter (LF, ASCII 10) after transmission of any carriage-return. The default setting
is linefeed off. The mode may be changed using “UP” or “DOWN” and press-
ing “SET”.
Serial Operation
Once the cable has been attached and the interface set up properly the control-
ler will immediately begin transmitting temperature readings at the pro-
grammed rate. The serial communications uses 8 data bits, one stop bit, and no
parity. The set-point and other commands may be sent via the serial interface to
set the temperature set-point and view or program the various parameters. The
character strings terminated with a carriage-return character (CR, ASCII 13).
10.2
Interface Commands
The various commands for accessing the calibrator functions via the digital in-
the RS-232 serial interface. The commands are terminated with a carriage-re-
turn character. The interface makes no distinction between upper and lower
case letters, hence either may be used. Commands may be abbreviated to the
minimum number of letters which determines a unique command. A command
may be used to either set a parameter or display a parameter depending on
49
10 Digital Communication Interface
Table 3 Controller Communications Commands
Command
Format
Command
Example
Returned
Example
Acceptable
Values
Command Description
Display Temperature
Read current set-point
Set current set-point to n
Returned
s[etpoint]
s
set: 999.99 {C or F}
set: 90.00 C
s[etpoint]=n
s=80.00
Instrument
Range
Read temperature
t[emperature]
u[nits]
t
t: 999.99 {C or F}
u: x
t: 55.6 C
u: C
Read temperature units
u
C or F
Set temperature units to Celsius
u[nits]=c
u[nits]=f
u=c
u=f
Set temperature units to
Fahrenheit
Read scan mode
sc[an]
sc
scan: {ON or OFF}
scan:ON
Set scan mode
sc[an]=on/off
sr[ate]
sc=on
sr
ON or OFF
.1 to 99.9
Read scan rate
srat: 99.9 {C or F}/min srat:12.4C/min
Set scan rate
sr[ate]=n
sr=1.1
Secondary Menu
Read proportional band setting
Set proportional band to n
pr[opband]
pr
pb: 999.9
pb: 15.9
pr[opband]=n
pr=8.83
Depends on
Configuration
Read cut-out setting
cu[tout]
cu
cu:9999 {C or F}
po: 999.9
cu:105 C, in
po: 1.0
cu-95
po
25 to 115°C
Set cut-out setting to n degrees
cu[tout]=n
po[wer]
Read heater power
(duty cycle)
Configuration Menu
Read high limit
Set high limit
hl
hl
hl:999
hl:126
ll:-90
hl=n
hl=90
ll
25 to 100
–90 to 25
ON or OFF
Read low limit
Set low limit
ll
ll:999
ll=n
ll=-90
co
Read cooling setting
Set cooling setting
co[ol]
cool: {ON or OFF}
cool: ON
co[ol]=on/of[f]
co=on
Read serial sample setting
sa[mple]
sa
sa: 9
sa: 1
sa[mple]=n
sa=0
0 to 999
Set serial sampling setting to n
seconds
FULL or HALF
Set serial duplex mode to full
Set serial duplex mode to half
du[plex]=f[ull]
du[plex]=h[alf]
du=f
du=h
50
10 Digital Communication Interface
Controller Communications Commands continued
Command
Format
Command
Example
Returned
Example
Acceptable
Values
Command Description
Returned
ON or OFF
Set serial linefeed mode to on
Set serial linefeed mode to off
lf[eed]=on
lf=on
lf=of
lf[eed]=of[f]
Read R0 calibration parameter
r[0]
r
r0: 999.999
r0: 100.578
r[0]=n
r=100.324
al
90 to 110
Set R0 calibration parameter to n
Read ALPHA calibration parameter al[pha]
al: 9.9999999
al: 0.0038573
Set ALPHA calibration parameter al[pha]=n
al=0.0038433
.002 to .005
to n
Read DELTA calibration parameter de[lta]
Set DELTA calibration parameter de[lta]=n
Read BETA calibration parameter be[ta]
de
de:9.99999
be:99.999
de: 1.507
be:03427
de=1.3742
be
0–3.0
Set BETA calibration parameter
be[ta]=n
be=0.342
–20 to 20
Read firmware version number
Read structure of all commands
Read all operating parameters
Legend:
*ver[sion]
*ver
h
ver.9999,9.99
ver.7103,2.00
h[elp]
list of commands
list of parameters
all
all
[] Optional Command data
{} Returns either information
n Numeric data supplied by user
9 Numeric data returned to user
x Character data returned to user
Note:
When DUPLEX is set to FULL and a command is sent to READ, the command is returned followed by a car-
riage return and linefeed. Then the value is returned as indicated in the RETURNED column.
whether or not a value is sent with the command following a “=” character. For
example “s”<CR> will return the current set-point and “s=150.0”<CR> will set
the set-point to 150.0 degrees.
In the following list of commands, characters or data within brackets, “[” and
“]”, are optional for the command. A slash, “/”, denotes alternate characters or
data. Numeric data, denoted by “n”, may be entered in decimal or exponential
notation. Characters are shown in lower case although upper case may be used.
Spaces may be added within command strings and will simply be ignored.
Backspace (BS, ASCII 8) may be used to erase the previous character. A termi-
nating CR is implied with all commands.
51
11 Calibration Procedure
11
Calibration Procedure
11.1
Calibration Procedure
Calibration of this instrument should be performed at regularly scheduled inter-
vals by qualified authorized personnel in accordance with your company’s pol-
icy. Following is the recommended procedure for calibrating this instrument.
11.1.1
11.1.2
Calibration Equipment
Calibration requires a standard thermometer that is adequately accurate and fits
properly into one of the reference holes in the block. Recommended equipment
includes a laboratory grade PRT with a length of 30 to 300 mm (9 to 12 inches)
and a diameter of 4.76 or 6.35 mm (3/16 or 1/4 inches). The combined accu-
racy of the PRT and the readout which used to display the temperature should
be 0.025°C or better.
Calibration
The accuracy of the instrument over the full range is determined by the values
of the calibration parameters R0, ALPHA, DELTA, and BETA. The calibration
procedure involves measuring the error between the instrument and the refer-
ence thermometer at several temperature throughout the range and adjusting the
calibration parameters as necessary to reduce the errors to within acceptable
limits. The stated accuracy of the instrument can be found in the specification
temperature the simplest way to proceed is to measure the errors at 0°C, 100°C,
50°C, and –70°C and adjust R0, ALPHA, DELTA, and BETA at each point re-
spectively. Be aware that you must use the appropriate fluid at each tempera-
ture. Follow these steps:
• Set the set-point to 0°C and allow adequate time for the bath to reach this
temperature and stabilize. Adjust the R0 calibration parameter (see Sec-
thermometer match the set-point. The approximate ratio between a
change in R0 and a change in temperature at 0°C is about 0.4 to 1. For ex-
ample, if the bath temperature is high by 0.1°C at 0°C then decrease R0
by 0.04.
• Set the set-point to 100°C and allow adequate time for the bath to reach
this temperature and stabilize. Adjust the ALPHA calibration parameter
standard thermometer match the set-point. The approximate ratio between
a change in ALPHA and a change in temperature at 100°C is about
0.00004 to 1. For example, if the bath temperature is high by 0.1°C at
100°C then decrease ALPHA by 0.000004.
53
11 Calibration Procedure
• Set the set-point to 50°C and allow adequate time for the bath to reach
this temperature and stabilize. Adjust the DELTA calibration parameter
standard thermometer match the set-point. The approximate ratio between
a change in DELTA and a change in temperature at 50°C is about 4.0 to 1.
For example, if the bath temperature is high by 0.1°C at 50°C then de-
crease DELTA by 0.4.
• Set the set-point to –70°C and allow adequate time for the bath to reach
this temperature and stabilize. Adjust the BETA calibration parameter
standard thermometer match the set-point. The approximate ratio between
a change in BETA and a change in temperature at –70°C is about –1.0 to
1. For example, if the bath temperature is high by 0.1°C at –70°C then in-
crease BETA by 0.1.
54
12 Maintenance
12
Maintenance
• The calibration instrument has been designed with the utmost care. Ease
of operation and simplicity of maintenance have been a central theme in
the product development. Therefore, with proper care the instrument
should require very little maintenance. Avoid operating the instrument in
dirty or dusty environments.
• If the outside of the bath becomes soiled, it may be wiped clean with a
damp cloth and mild detergent. Do not use harsh chemicals on the surface
which may damage the paint.
• Periodically check the fluid level in the bath to ensure that the level has
not dropped. A drop in the fluid level affects the stability of the bath.
Changes in fluid level are dependent upon several factors specific to the
environment in which the equipment is used. A schedule cannot be out-
lined to meet each environmental setting. Therefore, the first year the bath
should be checked weekly with notes kept as to changes in bath fluid. Af-
ter the first year, the user can set up a maintenance schedule based on the
data specific to the application.
• Heat transfer medium lifetime is dependent upon the type of medium and
the environment. The fluid should be checked at least every month for the
first year and regularly thereafter. This fluid check provides a baseline for
knowledge of bath operation with clean, usable fluid. Once some fluids
have become compromised, the break down can occur rapidly. Particular
attention should be paid to the viscosity of the fluid. A significant change
in the viscosity can indicate that the fluid is contaminated, being used out-
side of its temperature limits, contains ice particles, or is close to a chemi-
cal break-down. Once data has been gathered, a specific maintenance
schedule can be outline for the instrument. Refer to the General Operation
ids used in calibration baths.
• If a hazardous material is spilt on or inside the equipment, the user is re-
sponsible for taking the appropriate decontamination steps as out-lined by
the national safety council with respect to the material. MSDS sheets ap-
plicable to all fluids used in the baths should be kept in close proximity to
the instrument.
• If the mains supply cord becomes damaged, replace it with a cord with
the appropriate gauge wire for the current of the bath. If there are any
questions, call GE Kaye Instruments Customer Service for more informa-
tion.
• Before using any cleaning or decontamination method except those rec-
ommended by Kaye, users should check with GE Kaye Instruments Cus-
55
12 Maintenance
tomer Service to be sure that the proposed method will not damage the
equipment.
• The condensing coil should be cleaned regularly. Inspect the coil through
the vented rear panel. If any dust or dirt accumulation is visible, remove
the rear panel to clean out the dust or dirt. Use a vacuum with a brush to
remove the dirt. Do not use compressed air as it might drive the dirt be-
tween the fins where it may become lodged preventing airflow.
• If the instrument is used in a manner not in accordance with the equip-
ment design, the operation of the bath may be impaired or safety hazards
may arise.
56
13 Trouble Shooting
13
Trouble Shooting
If problems arise while operating the CTR –80, this section provides some sug-
gestions that may help you solve the problem. A wiring diagram is also
included.
13.1
Troubleshooting
Below are several situations that may arise followed by suggested actions to
take for fixing the problem.
Incorrect Temperature Reading
• Power the unit on and watch the display. If the first number displayed is
less than “-0005-”, the unit has been re-initialized. The unit needs to be
reprogrammed for R0, ALPHA, DELTA, and BETA. These numbers can
be found on the Report of Calibration that was shipped with the unit.
The unit heats slowly
• Check the Scan and Scan Rate settings. The Scan may be on with the
Scan Rate set low.
If the display flashes any of the following:
“err 1" - This error means there is a RAM error
“err 2" - This error means there is a NVRAM error
“err 3" - This error means there is a RAM error
“err 4" - This error means there is an ADC set up error
“err 5" - This error means there is an ADC ready error
“err 6" - This error means there is a SENSOR error
“err 7" - This error means there is a HtrCTL error
• Cycle the power off and on again. If the unit repeats the error code, con-
tact GE Kaye Instruments Customer Support for a return authorization
and for assistance.
The bath does not turn on
• If a fault condition exists upon application of power, the bath will not en-
ergize.
• This bath needs to be plugged into the line voltage for at least 2 minutes
before turning power on. This is only necessary for the first time that the
bath is energized or when it is moved from one location to another.
57
13 Trouble Shooting
• If a High/Low voltage condition exists for longer than 5 seconds, the
compressor will be de-energized. The controller display will flash “Lo
LinE“ o and off while the condition exists.
• Re-energization is automatic upon correction of the fault condition and af-
ter a delay cycle of about 2 minutes.
High and Low Voltage Protection at 115 VAC
Voltage Cutout: +/- 12.5 % (101 - 129 VAC)
Voltage Cut-In: +/- 7.5 % (106 - 124 VAC)
High and Low Voltage Protection at 230 VAC
Voltage Cutout: +/- 12.5 % (203 - 257 VAC)
Voltage Cut-In: +/- 7.5 % (213 - 247 VAC)
• See the Caution in the front of this manual for additional information.
13.2
CE Comments
13.2.1
EMC Directive
This instrument has been tested to meet the European Electromagnetic Compat-
ibility Directive ( EMC Directive, 89/336/EEC). The Declaration of Confor-
mity for your instrument lists the specific standards to which the unit was
tested.
13.2.2
Low Voltage Directive (Safety)
In order to comply with the European Low Voltage Directive (73/23/EEC), this
instrument has been designed to meet the IEC 1010-1 (EN 61010-1) and IEC
1010-2-010 (EN 61010-2-010) standards.
58
13 Trouble Shooting
13.3
Wiring Diagram
2 2 G r n
W 5 5
S H L D
W H T
W H T
R E D
R E D
2 2
l
Y e
W 5 4
M T 1
G
M T 2
1 6
W h t / O r g / B l k
1 6
W h t / O r g
6 1 G r y
W25
Vio 18
W 4 0
1 6
1 6
i o / B l k W h t / V
i o / B l k W h t / V
W 3 9
W 3 8
1 4 i o
W h t / V
N C
N O
C O M
L 1
1 8 l / B e l k W h t / Y
8 1
B l u e
1 1 5 V L 2
2 3 0 V 2
L
1 8
B r o w n
4 1 l
e
G r e e n / Y
1 4
4 1
B r o w n
B l u e
Figure 6 Wiring Diagram
59
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